Normal occlusion study: using T-Scan III occlusal analysis system / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the normal occlusal force distribution and the characteristics of the occlusion time at different occlusion position using T-Scan III occlusal analysis system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three volunteers with normal occlusion, including 29 males and 24 females, were included in this study. The average age was (25.9 ± 2.1) years old. T-Scan III occlusal analysis system was used to measure the occlusal force distribution and the time character of normal occlusion at intercuspal position, protrusive position, and lateral excursive position.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At intercuspal position the left and right side molar teeth took the most part of force percentage, followed by (13.3 ± 4.3)%, (13.6 ± 5.4)%, (15.7 ± 7.1)%, (18.7 ± 7.5)% (6, 6, 7, 7); and 7654, 4567 took (61.3 ± 12.4)% force percentage; and the left and right sides took the respective percentages of (46.4 ± 7.0)%, (53.6 ± 7.0)%, the left side was significantly less than the right side(P < 0.05). At the protrusion position the region ( 21, 12) commitment to take the percentage of (85.1 ± 25.5)%. At left and right lateral position, 28% (13/46) and 30%(14/46) were cuspid-protected occlusion, and 33%(15/46) and 44%(20/46) were group functional occlusion, and 39%(18/46) and 26%(12/46) were multiple-protected occlusion. The average occlusion time was (0.34 ± 0.11) s, and disclusion time was (1.00 ± 0.39) s.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>At intercuspal position the region from first premolar to second molar teeth were the occlusal force centers, and the second molar is the most;.the force concentrated in the area ( 21, 12) at the protrusion position. The lateral occlusal pattern is multiformity.</p>

Measurement and analysis of smile line of 62 Han-Chinese / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze smile features in maximum lip-dynamic in Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two Han-Chinese, travelling in Germany, with a mean age of 28.5 years were enrolled and photographed. Standardized digital photos were made to measure the height of displayed maxillary gingiva, papilla and tooth during an enjoyment smile. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney-U Test and non-parametric analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean height of tooth display for the central incisors was 10 mm, with no significant difference between the gender (P > 0.05). The mean height of gingival display was 1.3 mm and the mean papilla height was 3.4 mm. There was no significant difference between the genders (P > 0.05). 31% (19/62) of the subjects belonged to high smile line type, 50% (31/62) to medium smile line type and 19% (12/62) to low smile line type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The red esthetics is a paramount factor for Chinese men and women in the esthetic restoration. 81% of the Chinese studied showed various degree of gingival exposure from central incisor to the premolars, which defined the esthetic area for Chinese people. Papilla is a critical parameter for esthetic evaluation and treatment design. The ratio of high smile line in Chinese may be higher than that in Caucasian.</p>

Clinical study of tissue preservation of extraction socket with Bio-Oss collagen and acellular dermal matrix / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical and histological results of extraction socket preservation using Bio-Oss collagen and acellular dermal matrix (ADM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From November 2005 to June 2006, a total of 11 cases underwent extraction socket preservation with Bio-Oss collagen and ADM in 14 extraction sites. Ten cases with 10 teeth undergoing extraction without bone graft served as control group. Clinical and histological examinations were conducted. Pre-and postoperative alveolar ridge width and attached gingival width were measured and statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the grafted sockets healed uneventfully except one. Thirteen implants were placed 3 - 5 months after extraction. After 4 to 6 months permanent restorations were delivered. The mean follow-up time was 27.9 months (24 to 31 months). In the control group the sockets healed uneventfully, while hard and soft tissue collapsed obviously 3 months after extraction. No significant difference was found in the width of alveolar ridge and attached gingiva before and after extraction in the bone graft group (P > 0.05). The width of alveolar ridge before (7.69 + or - 0.48) mm and after extraction (7.68 + or - 0.48) mm and in the width of attached gingiva before (4.36 + or - 1.02) mm and after extraction (4.32 + or - 0.98) mm in the bone graft group (P > 0.05). Histological examination showed adequate new bone formation around Bio-Oss particles 3 months after operation. The specimen was free of inflammatory cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It's effective to preserve the extraction sockets with Bio-Oss collagen and ADM and the short-term results were predictable.</p>

Clinical study of sinus elevation by water balloon and implant placement / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical results and technique of minimally invasive sinus membrane water balloon elevation followed by bone augmentation and implant placement simultaneously.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2006 to November 2007, 31 patients (male: 16, female: 15; mean age: 41.2 +/- 11.8) were involved in the study. Clinical examination and radiographs were conducted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean residual ridge height was (4.79 +/- 1.18) mm and the mean elevated height was (10.60 +/- 2.06) mm. A total of 31 implants were placed and restored with the mean follow-up period of (14.2 +/- 3.6) months. Only minor complications were observed postoperatively. One implant was lost due to infection two weeks after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The procedure of minimally invasive sinus membrane water balloon elevation achieves an excellent success rate, low complication, minimal discomfort, and the short-term result is predictable.</p>

Clinical study of application of platform switching to dental implant treatment in esthetic zone / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical results of dental implant treatment with platform switching technique in esthetic zone and to investigate its technical characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventeen patients who were partially edentulous in esthetic zone were included and received a total of 26 Frialit-2 system implants in Center of Dental Implantation, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January to December 2001, and the platform switching technique was applied. The mean follow-up time was 56.3 months (24 to 74 months). Clinical examination and X-ray were conducted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Clinical results of all implant restoration that used platform-switched abutments were satisfied. No implant loss or other severe complications occurred. The medians of marginal bone loss 1 year and 5 years after final restoration was 0.13 (-0.12 - 0.55) mm and 0.27 (-0.04 - 0.77) mm respectively. The medians of interimplant crestal bone resorption was 0.14 (0.00 - 0.30) mm and 0.21 (0.09 - 0.31) mm after 1 year and 5 years' functional loading respectively. According to Jemt classification of papilla, 23 sites reached II degree, and 10 sites reached III degree among 36 sites 5 years after prostheses. The mean value of pink esthetic score (PES) was 11.8 (10 - 14).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Platform switching is a simple and reliable technique for dental implant treatment, helping to control marginal bone loss and ensure an esthetic results in the esthetic zone.</p>

A clinical retrospective study of 10 years implant results / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate ten years clinical results of dental implant treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 5,590 endosseous implants were consecutively placed from Aug. 1994 to Aug 2004 in Center of Implantation, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. Among them, 161 were Brånemark implants, 1,436 were Frialit-2 implants, 1,012 were IMZ implants, 767 were Ankylos implants, 2,189 were Camlog implants, and 25 were Komet implants. A total of 2,629 prostheses were delivered, including 2,314 fixed prostheses and 315 implant-supported removable dentures. The patient age range was between 17 and 82. The mean follow-up time was 77.2 months (7 to 121 months). Clinical examination and X-ray films were conducted. The results were evaluated with Wheeler's survival criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the final prostheses, 2,624 patients were satisfied. Five patients were unsatisfied with the prostheses. With refabricating the prostheses, 4 patients were satisfied and one expressed as acceptable. Peri-implantitis was observed in 178 implants of 105 cases. Prostheses loose was observed in 21 cases and fracture in 4 cases. Ceramic crack was observed in 51 cases. The documented implants lost were 68. The implant survival rate was 96.7% according to Wheeler's survival criteria.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Implant prostheses were with high satisfaction. The implant survival rate was as highly as 96.7%. Implant prostheses were indicated for almost all the partial and complete edentulous cases due to modern implant surgical technique.</p>

Evaluation of clinical results on osteotome sinus floor elevation and dental implant placement (122 cases report) / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical results of osteotome sinus floor elevation technique in the posterior maxillary region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 122 patients underwent osteotome sinus floor elevation from July 1998 to July 2004. Forty-eight cases were male and 74 were female. The mean age was 46.5 years (between 20 and 69). A total of 157 implants were placed and restored. The mean follow-up time was 29.7 months (between 14 and 84 months). Clinical examination and radiographs were conducted. All the patients with 8 - 11 mm height of residual bone in the posterior maxilla underwent sinus floor elevation and implant placement using osteotome without any bone grafts simultaneously. The elevation height was 2 - 5 mm. Healing abutments were connected at the same time of implant placement with insertion torque over 0.25 N.m and the final prostheses were restored after 3 - 4 months. Implants were submerged if the insertion torque was less than 0.25 N.m. Second-stage operation was conducted 3 - 4 months later and the implants were restored afterwards.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sinus membrane perforation was observed in 12 cases, no sinus complication was observed during the follow-up. All of the 157 implants gained osteointegration and were restored. No implant lost was observed during the follow-up. All the patients were satisfied with the final prostheses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Osteotome sinus floor elevation without any bone graft was a predictable and safe technique. It could be used in the maxillary posterior area implant placement with residual bone volume of 8 - 11 mm.</p>

Clinical study of periocline on peri-implantitis treatment / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical outcome and the effects of treating peri-implantitis with periocline.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two sites in 32 implants with peri-implantitis were treated with periocline. The parameters including plaque index, probing depth (PD) of pocket, sulcular bleeding index (SBI) were measured at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 weeks after treatment and followed up for 6 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) in SBI, and PD occurred at all time intervals compared to baseline. The treatment could last for at lest four weeks in peri-implantitis cases without fistula.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Periocline could be safely and effectively used in treating peri-implantitis in cases without peri-implant fistula. Peri-implantitis with fistula should be treated in combination with surgical methods, and periocline can also be used to control inflammation before surgery.</p>

Application of implant-supported telescopic overdenture in edentulous cases / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical results of implant supported telescopic overdenture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>21 patients with edentulous jaws underwent telescopic overdenture restoration. A total of 28 prostheses were fabricated. Of them, 13 were in the upper jaws, 15 in the lower jaws. Among 139 placed implants, 74 were Camcog, 28 IMZ, and 37 Frialit-2. The secondary crown was fabricated by electroforming technique and wax-lost cast method. Clinical examination and radiographs were conducted. Changes in the marginal bone level around the implants were evaluated with radiograph. The mean follow-up time was 26.5 months (range 12 - 39 months).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This type of restoration could provide sufficient stability and maintain peri-implant hygiene easily. Peri-implantitis and prosthetic complications were not observed. Marginal bone around implants was stable. No implant was lost during the loading time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The preliminary clinical results of this research showed that implant supported telescopic overdentures were predictable for edentulous patients.</p>